The study, which was led by Francesca Pancaldi, used photographic and video evidence to show how a pod of killer whales (Orcinus orca) employed a collaborative approach to target the whale sharks' pelvic area, including the claspers and pelvic fins. This strategy caused significant blood loss and allowed the killer whales access to the sharks’ lipid-rich livers, which is a highly nutritious part of the prey.

One standout individual was an adult male killer whale nicknamed "Moctezuma." He was identified in three of the four events. In the fourth, female killer whales previously sighted with him were involved, suggesting that the pod is a specialized hunting group within the Gulf of California that is focused on elasmobranchs, possibly specializing in whale sharks.

A rare observation

Killer whales have never been seen hunting whale sharks before. While observations of orcas hunting other large marine species are rare, reports have been increasing in recent years, likely due to improved surveillance technology and public access to recording equipment. This new evidence adds to our understanding of killer whales’ adaptability and complex hunting behaviours.

More research needed

The study highlights the need for continued monitoring of these extraordinary predators, particularly as they reveal new insights into the dynamics of ocean ecosystems and the interactions between apex predators and their prey.